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英検1級 二次 予想トピック 26 ・ 🏥 健康・医療・スポーツ ・ Should ~?

Should the use of antibiotics in farming be strictly limited?

畜産などの農業での抗生物質の使用は、厳しく制限すべきか。

このトピックを選ぶべき人

薬剤耐性菌（AMR）のニュースを知っていて、食と医療をつなげて話せる人向け。

骨組み理由3つ（どちらの立場でも話せる）

賛成（Yes）で話すなら

I believe the use of antibiotics in farming should be strictly limited, because overuse is creating dangerous drug-resistant bacteria.

  1. drug resistanceWhen antibiotics are used too often, bacteria evolve to survive them. Many experts warn that drug-resistant infections could become one of the leading causes of death in the coming decades.
  2. routine overuseIn some countries, antibiotics are given to healthy animals simply to make them grow faster or to prevent disease in crowded conditions. This kind of use is unnecessary and risky.
  3. successful examplesThe European Union has banned the use of antibiotics to make farm animals grow faster. This shows that farming can continue with much less dependence on these drugs.

反対（No）で話すなら

I don't believe strict limits are the best approach, because they could harm animal welfare and the food supply.

  1. animal welfareSick animals need treatment, and strict limits could leave them suffering. Farmers must be able to use antibiotics when animals are really ill.
  2. food pricesWithout antibiotics, more animals might die of disease, and production costs would rise. This could lead to higher prices for meat and dairy products.
  3. main cause elsewhereOveruse in human medicine, such as taking antibiotics for colds, is also a major cause of resistance. Focusing only on farming would not solve the problem.

想定質疑面接委員はこう突っ込んでくる

QWouldn't strict limits make meat more expensive?

Prices might rise a little at first, I admit. However, farmers can prevent disease in other ways, such as giving animals more space and improving hygiene. And the cost of drug-resistant infections to society would be far greater than a small rise in food prices.

Q：厳しく制限すると、肉が高くなりませんか。
A：最初は少し値上がりするかもしれないことは認めます。しかし、農家は家畜に広い場所を与えたり衛生を改善したりと、ほかの方法で病気を防げます。それに、薬剤耐性菌による感染症が社会に与えるコストは、食品のわずかな値上がりよりはるかに大きいでしょう。

QIsn't overuse in hospitals a bigger problem?

I agree that overuse in medicine is also a serious problem. Doctors should stop prescribing antibiotics for illnesses such as colds, which are caused by viruses. But because a large share of antibiotics is used on animals in many countries, farming cannot be ignored either.

Q：病院での使いすぎの方が大きな問題ではありませんか。
A：医療での使いすぎも深刻な問題だということには同意します。医師は、ウイルスが原因の風邪のような病気に抗生物質を処方するのをやめるべきです。しかし、多くの国では抗生物質のかなりの部分が動物に使われているので、農業も無視できません。

QWhat can ordinary consumers do about this problem?

Consumers can choose meat produced without routine antibiotic use, if it is clearly labeled. When they are sick, they should take antibiotics only as their doctor prescribes. They also shouldn't ask for antibiotics for a simple cold.

Q：この問題に対して、一般の消費者には何ができますか。
A：はっきり表示されていれば、抗生物質を日常的に使わずに育てた肉を選べます。病気のときは、医師の処方どおりにだけ抗生物質を飲むべきです。また、ただの風邪で抗生物質を求めるべきではありません。

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