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英検1級 二次 予想トピック 6 ・ 🌱 環境・エネルギー ・ To what extent

To what extent should rich countries pay for climate damage in poorer countries?

豊かな国は、貧しい国の気候被害の費用をどの程度負担すべきか。

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国際的な公平さや責任の問題を、筋道立てて話せる人向け。

骨組み理由3つ（どちらの立場でも話せる）

賛成（Yes）で話すなら

I believe rich countries should pay to a large extent, because they have caused most of the emissions that are warming the planet today.

  1. historical responsibilityIndustrialized countries have been burning fossil fuels for over 150 years. It is only fair that those who caused most of the problem help pay for its consequences.
  2. unequal impactPoor countries often suffer the worst effects, such as floods, droughts, and rising sea levels, even though they have emitted very little. Some small island nations are even at risk of disappearing.
  3. shared interestClimate disasters can lead to food shortages, mass migration, and conflict that affect the whole world. Helping vulnerable countries is therefore also an investment in global stability.

反対（No）で話すなら

I believe rich countries should pay only to a limited extent, because responsibility for climate change is now shared by many nations.

  1. changing emittersSome countries that are still classified as developing, such as China, are now among the largest emitters. It would be unfair to place the entire burden on traditional rich nations.
  2. accountabilityLarge amounts of aid do not always reach the people who need it. Without strict monitoring, money could be lost to corruption or poor planning.
  3. domestic needsRich countries also face their own climate disasters and aging populations. Their governments must balance international aid with the needs of their own citizens.

想定質疑面接委員はこう突っ込んでくる

QHow can we make sure the money is used properly?

That's an important question. Admittedly, aid has sometimes been wasted in the past. However, funds can be managed through international organizations with clear rules and regular checks. So I don't think the risk of misuse is a good reason to refuse support.

Q：お金が適切に使われることを、どう確かめるのですか。
A：大切な質問です。確かに、過去には援助が無駄になったこともあります。しかし、資金は明確なルールと定期的な点検のある国際機関を通じて管理できます。ですから、悪用の恐れは、支援を拒む十分な理由にはならないと思います。

QShould China also contribute?

Yes, I think so. China is now one of the largest emitters and has a huge economy. While traditional rich countries should take the lead, I believe any country with large emissions and the ability to pay should contribute.

Q：中国も負担すべきですか。
A：はい、そう思います。中国は今や最大級の排出国で、経済規模も巨大です。従来の先進国が先頭に立つべきですが、排出量が多く支払い能力のある国は、どこでも負担すべきだと考えます。

QWould Japanese taxpayers accept paying more for foreign countries?

It might be difficult at first. However, Japan has a long history of supporting developing countries, especially in disaster prevention. If the government explains that this support also protects Japan's own security and trade, I think many people would understand.

Q：日本の納税者は、外国のためにもっと払うことを受け入れるでしょうか。
A：最初は難しいかもしれません。しかし日本には、特に防災の分野で途上国を支援してきた長い歴史があります。この支援が日本自身の安全や貿易を守ることにもつながると政府が説明すれば、多くの人が理解すると思います。

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